BTC L2 不同技术路径对比

技术路径	代表项目	核心特点	技术优势	局限性
ZK Rollup	Merlin，B²	零知识证明验证计算	高拓展性，EVM生态入驻开发门槛低	数据膨胀与存储压力
State Channel（状态通道）	Lightning Network（闪电网络）	点对点通道，微支付	成熟，安全，交易费用极低	拓展性不足，可编程性低
UTXO Bundling	Thunderbolt（雷电网络）	高性能账本，聚合计算	并行账本设计，速度是BTC网络10倍	尚处发展初期，未经验证
联合挖矿	Core，BOB，Fractal，Rootstock	共享BTC共识机制，由BTC网络保障安全性	安全性高，降低挖矿成本	依赖主链算力，矿工激励不足，存在中心化程度高的隐患
客户端验证(RGB, RGB++)	Nervos Network (CKB)	可编程放在链下计算，和UTXO绑定	隐私性强，拓展性高	客户端数据孤岛，用户体验差
BitVM	Citrea, Goat Network	利用BTC主链验证任意计算，极致原生化	安全性极高，链下计算链上验证的做法提高了网络吞吐量和效率	开发难度过高，生态尚处发展早期

Comparison of different technical paths for BTC L2

Tech Path	Project Example	Features	Tech Advantage	Limitation
ZK Rollup	Merlin，B²	ZK Proof verification computation	High scalability, low development threshold for EVM ecosystem entry.	Data inflation and storage pressure
State Channel	Lightning Network（闪电网络）	Point-to-point channel, micro payment	Mature, secure, extremely low transaction costs	Lack of scalability, low programmability
UTXO Bundling	Thunderbolt（雷电网络）	High-performance ledger, aggregate computing	Parallel ledger design, speed is 10 times that of the BTC network.	Still in the early stages of development, not yet verified.
Merge Mining	Core，BOB，Fractal，Rootstock	The shared BTC consensus mechanism is secured by the BTC network.	High security, reduce mining costs.	Relying on the main chain computing power, miners lack incentives, leading to a high degree of centralization risk.
Clients Validation (RGB, RGB++)	Nervos Network (CKB)	Programmable placed in off-chain computing, bound with UTXO.	Strong privacy, high scalability	Client data silo, poor user experience
BitVM	Citrea, Goat Network	Using the BTC main chain to verify arbitrary calculations, extreme nativeness	The high level of security, the practice of off-chain computation and on-chain verification has increased network throughput and efficiency.	The development difficulty is too high, and the ecosystem is still in its early stages of development.